Illustration by Hashim Samiru for Rising Voices
Wɔn a wɔyɛɛ dwumadie yi ne María Alvarez Malvido ne Zita Ursula Zage. Wɔde gyinaa Zita Ursula adwuma a wato din “Nneɛma binom a ɛma Wikimedia kuo a wɔka kasa nketewa binom intanɛt so ahobammɔ ba asɛm: Sɛdeɛ Twi Kasa Wikimedia Kuo no deɛ teɛ” no so.
Translated by: Joseph Aboagy, Joana Aboagyewaa, and Jemima Antwi. Nnwomamusiesiefoɔ: Jemima Antwi.
Twi Kasa Wikimedia kuo no yɛ ekuo a wɔmfa wɔn nnwuma mpɛ mfasoɔ biara. Wɔn atirimpɔ titire pa ara ne sɛ wɔde Ghana kasa ahodoɔ no mu baako bɛdi dwuma wɔ intanɛt so ama no aduru wiase afaanan baabiara. Ɛsiane wɔn mmɔdemmɔ ne wɔn adwumaden a wɔyɛ de twerɛ nsɛm ahodoɔ gu intanɛt so na wɔsane kyerɛ nsɛm ase ba Twi mu nti na ɛnnɛ, yɛwɔ Wikipedia ma nnipa a wɔka Twi kasa no nyinaa no. Nanso deɛ ɛteɛ ne sɛ, ɛhia adwumaden pa ara ansa na obi atumi akɔ mantam ahodoɔ mu akɔkyerɛkyerɛ anaa akɔdi dwuma ahodoɔ binom. Afei nso, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔnya nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ binom a ɛbɛtumi abɔ wɔn ho ban wɔ intanɛt so. Wɔde nneɛma agu akwan mu a wɔrebɛyɛ saa nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ yi na wɔde adi dwuma.
Zita Ursula Zage ka nnipa a wɔtee saa kuo yi ho. Ɛsiane ɔyɛ Wikimedia kuo no mu ni na ɔsane nso hwehwɛ intanɛt so nsɛm mu nti, ɔne ekuo no mufoɔ ne akannifoɔ no adi dwuamdie ahodoɔ pii a Twi Wikipedia Kasa Nkyerɛaseɛ ahodoɔ no ka ho. Suahunu ahodoɔ a ɔnyaeɛ berɛ a na ɔde WhatsApp redi dwuma ahyehyɛ ne dwumadie wɔ akuo ahodoɔ a na wɔatete no WhatsApp so no maa no hunuu asiane ahodoɔ binom te sɛ nnaadaasɛm, nkurofoɔ din a wɔwia de dwuma ɔkwammɔne so ne nnipa binom nsɛm a afoforɔ tumi wia no maa no bɛhunuu hia a ɛho hia pa ara sɛ wɔhwɛ si saa asiane no ano sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ekuo no mufoɔ bɛnya ahobammɔ na wɔatumi atoa wɔn nnwuma so asomdwoeɛ mu.
Zita de sii n’ani so sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ saa asiane yi farebae. Yei nti, ɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a ɔtoo din “Nneɛma binom a ɛma Wikimedia kuo a wɔka kasa nketewa binom no intanɛt so ahobammɔ ba asɛm: Sɛdeɛ Twi Kasa Wikimedia Kuo no deɛ teɛ.” Berɛ a ɔhwehwɛɛ nsɛm binom a afoforɔ atwerɛ afa ne nhwehwɛmu no ho, kaseɛbɔ ahodoɔ ne aban no amanebɔ ahodoɔ, afei mfonin ahodoɔ a nkurofoɔ atwa agu hɔ a ɛfa ne nsɛm no ho, nsɛm binom a nnipa a ɔne wɔn dii nkitaho wɔ tɛlɛfon so kaeɛ ne ɔno ara ne suahunu mu no, Zita totoo ekuo no mu akannifoɔ mmiɛnsa binom ano. Na wɔyɛ mmaa mmienu ne ɔbarima baako, na na wɔadi mfeɛ bɛyɛ 25 kɔsi 30 a wɔn nyinaa ka Twi kasa. Afei nso, na akannifoɔ mmiɛnsa yi mu baako yɛ daanodini ma wɔn WhatsApp kuo ahodoɔ no mu baako. Nnipa a na wɔwɔ saa WhatsApp kuo no mu dodoɔ bɛboro 71.
Sɛ sɛdeɛ saa dwumadie yi boa wɔn ma wɔtumi de intanɛt di dwuma ahodoɔ no da nkyɛn a, ɛsane nso boa wɔn ma wɔtumi fa abɛɛfoɔ akwan ahodoɔ so ma wɔn nnwuma tu mpɔn. Sɛn na saa dwumadie yi teɛ wɔ Ghana a yɛn intanɛt boɔ da fam na nnipa kakra bi pɛ na wɔde di dwuma no afa mu?
Twi Wikimedia kuo no ne Sɛdeɛ Intanɛtsɛm teɛ wɔ Ghana
Nnipa a wɔwɔ ekuo yi mu a wɔde intanɛt di dwuma wɔ kasa yi mu no tete Nkran ne Kumase. Saa nkuro yinom ne nkuro akɛseɛ mmienu pa ara a ɛwɔ Ghana. Ɛmufoɔ no nyinaa yɛ nnipa a wɔde Twi kasa no atwa wɔn funuma anaa asuafoɔ a wɔresua kasa no wɔ Kwame Nkruma Suapɔn a ɛwɔ Kumase no mu. Wɔde nteteɛ ahodoɔ ma nkurɔfoɔ fa sɛdeɛ wɔbɛtumi atwerɛ nsɛm wɔ Twi mu agu intanɛt so, sɛdeɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ nsɛm ase akɔ Twi kasa no mu, ne akansie ahodoɔ a ɛfa Wikimedia Foundation dwumadie ahodoɔ ho. Ɛsiane sɛ ekuo no mufoɔ nyinaa nte faako nti, wɔde intanɛt no yɛ wɔn nnwuma ahodoɔ no mu bebree. Yei nti, sɛ ɛkɔba sɛ mantam korɔ a wɔredi dwuma wɔ so no intanɛt ntumi nnyina so yie a, ɛma wɔn ho kyere wɔn pa ara. Ɛno ne ɔhaw baako a wɔrehyia no sesei.
Ghana ka aman ahodoɔ nan a wɔn intanɛt boɔ da fam [1] wɔ Abibirem no ho, na wɔdi Nigeriafoɔ akyi sɛ ɔman a ɛtɔ so mmienu a intanɛt boɔ nyɛ den wɔ so koraa. Amanebɔ bi a Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping training centre (MOTIWALA, 2017), de bɛtoo dwa no kaa sɛ, anyɛ yie koraa no, nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem dunsia na wɔtumi de intanɛt di dwuma wɔ Ghana. Nanso, sɛdeɛ nnipa a ɔtotoo wɔn ano no maa no daa adi, ne Zita suahunu a ɛdi kan no kyerɛ no, intanɛt boɔ a ɛnyɛ den wɔ Ghana no nyinaa akyi no, intanɛt no nso ahoɔden wɔ fam ɛfiri sɛ, ɛntumi mmue wɛbsaet ahodoɔ ntɛm, wontumi mmɔ video ahodoɔ nhwɛ anaa ntie ɛmu nsɛm, na wontumi mfa nni dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a wopɛ so. Yei ma nnipa a wɔde di dwuma no ho kyere wɔn pa ara.
Deɛ ɛka no bio nso ne sɛ, US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) de amanebɔ bi bɛtoo dwa wɔ mfeɛ 2013 mu sɛ, sɛ yɛfa Abibirem aman nyinaa a, Ghana ne ɔman a ɛtɔ so mmienu a intanɛt so korɔbɔ ne sikasɛm mu apoobɔ dɔɔso wɔ so pa ara (MOTIWALA, 2017). Wɔfrɛ saa intanɛt so korɔnobɔ yi wɔ ɔman no mu sɛ “419” anaa sakwa. Wɔnhyɛda nni nkyerɛaseɛ pɔtee bi ma saa nsɛmfua yi wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu nanso deɛ ɛkyerɛ ne “akwammɔne a nnipa fa so de abosomsɛm ne intanɛt no bɔ apoo anaa wia nkurɔfoɔ.” Zita kyerɛɛ mu sɛ, nneyɛɛ yi nka Ghana sikasɛm berɛ a nnipa anaa nnwumakuo binom a wɔfiri amanɔne mpɛ sɛ wɔne Ghanafoɔ bɛdi dwa no nko ara, na mmom ɛsane ka ɔman no wɔ akwan ahodoɔ binom te sɛ yɛn kasa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ intanɛt so no nso.
Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, ɛka Twi Wikimediafoɔ a wɔde wɔn kɔmpiita ne wɔn fon ahodoɔ di dwuma wɔ intanɛt so no dwumadie ahodoɔ no nyinaa. Zita kyerɛɛ mu sɛ:
“Berɛ a saa nnipakuo yi mufoɔ de intanɛt di dwuma na wɔsɛe wɔn mmerɛ dodoɔ no ara wɔ intanɛt so de di dwuma ahodoɔ binom te sɛ, nsɛm foforɔ a wɔde sohyial midia twerɛ gu intanɛt so anaa nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ kɔ Twi kasa mu ne abɛɛfo akwan a wɔfa so di sikasɛm ho dwa wɔ intanɛt so no nti, ɛma wɔn ahobammɔ ho ba asɛm wɔ intanɛt no so.”
Asuadeɛ a Zita nya firii saa nsɛm yi mu ne berɛ a na ɔrekyerɛ sɛdeɛ yɛbɛtumi asi saa ɔhaw yi ano no, ɔkyerɛɛ akwan ahodoɔ nan binom a yɛbɛtumi afa so. Yeinom na ɛdidi so wɔ aseɛ hɔ no.
- Intanɛt so dwumadie ahodoɔ ne sɛdeɛ wobɛtumi akɔ intanɛt so
Nnipa a yɛtotoo wɔn ano no nyinaa tumi de intanɛt di dwuma na wɔn mu dodoɔ no ara de wɔn kɔmpiita anaa wɔn fon na ɛdi dwuma. Wɔkɔ intanɛt no so a, nneɛma binom a wɔtaa yɛ pa ara ne sɛ wɔkɔ sohyial midia so, wɔtwerɛ nsɛm gu Twi anaa Borɔfo Wikipedia so, wɔdi dwa ahodoɔ, na afei wɔkenkan nsɛm binom. Nanso deɛ ɛteɛ ne sɛ, intanɛt no a ɛntumi nnyina so yie no ma wɔn ani tutu gu wɔn nsam na ɛsi wɔn nnwuma ahodoɔ no pii kwan. Zita kyerɛkyerɛɛ mu sɛ:
“Nnipa mmiɛnsa a yɛtotoo wɔn ano no nyinaa kaa sɛ, wɔne wɔn nkurɔfoɔ no nyinaa haw titire pa ara ne intanɛt no boɔ ne sɛdeɛ ɛntumi nnyina so yie no. Ɛsiane COVID-19 yareɛ no nti, wɔyɛɛ wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ ahodoɔ no mu dodoɔ no ara wɔ intanɛt so na menyaa hokwan de me ho hyɛɛ ebinom mu wɔ intanɛt so. Berɛ a na nkyerɛkyerɛ no rekɔ so no, mehunuu sɛ na nnipa dodoɔ no ntumi nnya dwumadie no mu kyɛfa yie ɛfiri sɛ, na wɔn intanɛt no ntumi nnyina so yie nti sɛ wɔgyina so tie nkyerɛkyerɛ no bi kakra a, na wɔasan ate kɔ. Ɛno maa wɔdii akɔneaba saa ara a wɔannya dwumadie no so mfasoɔ kɛse biara. Ɛbaa saa no, ɛmaa akannifoɔ no ne nnipa a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ dwumadie no mu nyinaa dii yaw sɛ wɔagyina intanɛt no so nnɔnhwere bebree nanso wɔantumi annuru wɔn atirimpɔ ho sɛdeɛ ɛsɛ.”
2. Abɛɛfo mfidie (Digita) bammɔ ho sintɔ
Sintɔ a ɛtaa da adi a yɛahunu wɔ wɔn a wɔwɔ kuo no mu ne ‘spamming’, ‘haakin’, wɔredi dwuma sɛ obi foforɔ, ne sɛ wɛrewia obi mfonin anaa edin adi dwuma. ‘Spamming’ (yɛ sɛ wode dawurobɔ nsɛm pii a ɛho nhia kɔ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma pii nkyɛn) a ɛtaa da adi wɔ WhatsApp kuo mmiɛnsa a wɔn a wɔwɔ kuo no bi hwɛ so. Wɔn a yɛtotoo wɔn ano no sii so dua sɛ ‘spamming’ si na wɔ adesua no mu no, ɛyɛ ‘hackers’ na ɛde ekuo no nnipa ‘akawnto’ anaa nɔma na ɛtaa yɛ.
3. Abɛɛfo mfidie bammɔ ho nwuma
Yɛwɔ anamɔn binom a ekuofoɔ no tu de bɔ wɔn ho ban wɔ ntanɛt no so a wɔnam ɔkasa so sua wɔ ‘Youtube’ adesua sini anaa nsɛm wɔ ntanɛt no so. Wɔn baasa a yɛtotoo wɔn ano no wɔ nimdeɛ kakra fa abɛɛfo mfidie bammɔ ho na wɔnim ɛso mfasoɔ nso ne titire, ‘social media’ so ne nkraboɔ ‘app’ so. Nanso wɔahaaki wɔn baasa pɛn a ɛnyɛ berɛ korɔ no ara mu.
Bio, wɔn baasa no nyinaa kaa sɛ wɔgye ‘WhatApp’ di kyɛne ‘Facebook’ (anaa nkraboɔ ‘app’ a aka no) ɛnam sɛ wɔnhunu nsɛm a ɛkɔ so wɔ so ne ɛho su bi a ɛboa wɔn bammɔ wɔ so no ma wɔnya ahotɔsoɔ berɛ a wɔde redi dwuma. Yɛresua adeɛ afa saa adwenkyerɛ yi no ma yɛhunu hia a ɛhia sɛ yɛde nnoɔma gu akwan mu ma ankorɛkorɛ ne yɛn nyinaa ani ba yɛn ho so na yɛyɛ yɛafa mu deɛ wɔ ntanɛt bammɔ ho. Zita kyerɛ mu sɛ:
“Na yei yɛ anigyeɛ ma me sɛ mesua ɛfiri sɛ a “ProPublica amanebɔ [2]” kyerɛ sɛ WhatsApp hunu nsɛm a ɛkɔ so wɔ so. Na seesei ɛyɛ Meta (Kane Facebook) deɛ. Na te sɛ Meta no, WhatsApp bu wɔn a wɔde di dwuma kokoam bammɔ so. Saa beaeɛ yi fa wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no ‘meta’ ho nsɛm de yɛ dawurabɔ ho dwumadie a wɔnnim ho hwee. Nnipa pii a meka ho bi de WhatsApp ne ‘social media app’ a aka no di dwuma a yɛnkenkan wɔn kokoam nhyehyɛeɛ. Me kuromfoɔ pii a wɔde di dwuma no nnim nsɛm ahodoɔ a WhatsApp fa firi wɔn nkyɛn.
4. Digital security resources
Adeɛ foforɔ a yɛhunu wɔ adesua yi mu ne sɛdeɛ seesei ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnya abɛɛfo mfidie bammɔ adesua nnoɔma wɔ Twi mu. Wɔ nwoma a wɔatwerɛ no Yoruba ne Ibgo kasa mu akyi no [3], yɛnni nwoma saa bio wɔ kasa ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ Abibiman mu. Wɔn a yɛtotoo wɔn ano no nso ka too so sɛ wɔnhyiaa nwoma biara wɔ Twi mu a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ nkorɔfoɔ fa abɛɛfo mfidie bammɔ ne mmara ne ahyɛdeɛ a ɛbɔ wɔn ho ban wɔ ntanɛt no so.
Yɛreyɛ yɛn ankasa nwoma ne nnoɔma no yɛ adehiadeɛ a ɛwɔ sɛ yɛhwɛ ɛho akwansideɛ nso. Sɛdeɛ wɔn mu baako kaa sɛ, “Nkorɔfoɔ kɔ so ara ka sɛ, sɛ yɛma wo nimdeɛ wɔ wo ara wo kasa mu a, ɛyɛ mmerɛ sɛ wobɛhunu no ntɛm na woate aseɛ, nanso medwene sɛdeɛ yɛbɛkyerɛ ‘tɛknologyi’ ho nsɛm bi akɔ me kasa mu”.
Abɛɛfo mfidie bammɔ ho nnoɔma
Deɛ Ɛdi Akyire
Zita adwenkyerɛ mu no, ntanɛt no abɛyɛ adehiadeɛ tititre wɔ Ghana na ɛbo ankorɛankorɛ ne nwumakuo a wɔde di dwuma no nkitahodie ne mmoa bi te sɛ deɛ Twi Wikimediansfoɔ yɔeɛ rede kora wɔn kasa no. Zita maa adwenkyerɛ a ɛhia fa wɔn nimdeɛ fa abɛɛfo mfidie ahobammɔ ne ne sintɔ.
Yeinom ma yɛda saa adwenkyerɛ a ɛdidisoɔ yinom adi fa sɛdeɛ ɔde ntanɛt no bɛdi dwuma a ɛho mma asɛm a ɛbɛma nwumakuo de nsɛm a obiara bɛte aseɛ adi dwuma:
- Sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ na nnipakuo bi nom te sɛ Twi Kasa Wikimedianfoɔ bɛnya ahotɔsoɔ de ntanɛt no adi dwuma paa yie no, ɛhia sɛ wɔbɔ dawuro fa abɛɛfo mfidie bammɔ ho. Ɛhia sɛ wɔyɛ ɛho adesua nnoɔma wɔ wɔn nteaseɛ ne wɔn kasa te sɛ Twi mu.
- Ɛwɔ sɛ Aban no, nwumakuo, akuo ne ankorɛankorɛ sɔre na wɔyɛ adesua nnoɔma a ɛbɛma obiara ahunu na atete ɔmanfoɔ wɔ ntanɛt ho mmara ne wɔn pɛ ho.
- Ɛwɔ sɛ Aban ne nnwumakuo yɛ nhyehyɛeɛ ne kwan a wɔbɛfa so ako atia korɔno a ɛrekɔso wɔ ntanɛt no so.
Twi Wikimedian kuo no rebue kwan dada na wɔrema ntanɛt no ayɛ beaeɛ pa ama obiara wɔ Ghana ne wiase mu. Ɛwɔ sɛ wɔbɔ dawuro ma wɔn a wɔde Twi di dwuma na wɔdi nkitaho wɔ ahotɔ mu na wɔkɔ so ara di wɔn nwuma te sɛ deɛ atintim wɔ kasa no mu na ɛyɛ nkaeɛ ma wɔn a wɔka Twi kasa nyinaa.
References:
- MOTIWALA, A. (2017, February). POLICY BRIEF 1 | February 2017 – Cyber Security in Ghana: Evaluating Readiness for the Future. Africa Portal. Retrieved May 30, 2022, from https://media.africaportal.org/documents/Cyber_security_in_Ghana.pdf [4]
- Nyabor, J., & Owusu, A. (2019, March 30). Cost of internet in Ghana among cheapest in West Africa [Infographic]. Citinewsroom. Retrieved June 25, 2022, from https://citinewsroom.com/2019/03/cost-of-internet-in-ghana-among-cheapest-in-west-africa-infographic/
